Balance Retraining Practice Exam

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• Which two components form the base of support (BOS) when sitting?
• Dynamic sitting balance - from a seated position, when tapping the table with L elbow, what should be lengthening?
• Perturbing the center of gravity (COG) in balance training targets which process?
• During balance retraining, functional tasks are retrained with varying demands and changing what?
• Which combination of assessments is commonly used to monitor progress in balance retraining?
• What are the 3 main categories that the trunk impairment scale is testing?
• Basic principles of task training and motor relearning - learning requires knowledge of the ___.
• Which tool objectively measures center of pressure excursion?
• Bandwidth feedback is defined as signaling errors only if they fall outside a range of correctness.
• Which condition is a contraindication to balance retraining in a clinical setting?
• How many times does the word 'Answer' appear in the material?
• Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of the 4 Square Step Test?
• After starting with voluntary tasks, balance retraining progresses to which type of tasks?
• In standing balance tasks, which structures form the base of support and what must be controlled as it moves?
• Which points of control are used to provide more support during manual handling?
• For a patient with BPPV and balance impairment, what is the recommended sequence of interventions?
• In functional-level balance training, what should be varied to appropriately challenge the learner?
• Cross-midline reaching requires trunk movement with which combination?
• Which management approach helps limit postural sway through flexibility and another area?
• Why must error augmentation be applied with caution in balance retraining?
• Using an unstable surface tends to foster reliance on which two systems?
• Gaze stabilization exercises primarily improve the vestibulo-ocular reflex by which practice?
• Begin with which tasks such as weight shifting?
• During motor learning, which phase primarily involves initial task acquisition and may require manual support or guidance?
• What is the minimal walking distance required for HiMAT testing without gait aids?
• Which statement best describes true learning?
• Which muscle groups are primarily engaged when a person leans backward versus forward?
• Which term describes the ability to adapt the skill to different contexts?
• How are center of mass and base of support related in balance strategies?
• Which category of devices is listed as part of falls prevention?
• During balance retraining, knee collapse inward is a common error. Which cue best addresses this?
• What is the inferred primary theme of the material?
• What type(s) of balance is the 5TSTS testing?
• Progress to which type of tasks such as reaching, predictable external perturbations, and unpredictable external perturbations?
• What does postural sway indicate and how to interpret changes after training?
• How would you individualize a balance retraining plan for a patient with unilateral vestibular hypofunction?
• Perturbations of increased force are addressed by which balance strategy, with stepping occurring anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally?
• According to the ACSM, balance-focused activities should include which components?
• When varying task demands, which aspects are manipulated and in what order?
• For a patient who cannot sit unsupported, which sequence of activities is appropriate?
• Which description best fits the overall structure of the content?
• What is the typical approach to frequency of feedback in learning tasks?
• What type of balance is CTSIB testing?
• The more degrees of freedom there are to control, the task becomes
• Which task demand refers to performing two tasks simultaneously?
• Balance training has been shown to increase which attribute in community-dwelling older adults, though optimal type, duration, and intensity remain unclear?
• Which perturbation scheduling is most associated with improved motor learning in balance tasks?
• The Mini-BESTest's dynamic gait domain is categorized under which balance domain?
• Which test is primarily used to assess mobility and fall risk?
• What are the 4 stages of motor learning?
• In a caseload with multiple comorbidities, how should balance retraining tasks be prioritized?
• Which statement best describes the dynamic gait domain of the Mini-BESTest?
• What sentiment about a six-year program is expressed in the Alana scenario?
• To begin improving postural control in sitting and standing, you should
• In environmental changes for falls prevention, which factor should be improved?
• Which sensory systems provide inputs about orientation and movement to maintain balance?
• Which test is most appropriate for assessing high-level balance and mobility problems, requiring independent walking over 20 meters?
• Which sensory awareness improvement approach is described as using visual techniques to enhance feedback when the midline is unknown?
• Performance feedback should emphasize movement behavior and key performance elements.
• Explain the significance of gait variability in balance assessments and training.
• Which tasks are included in the Mini-BESTest as examples of balance assessment?
• In balance training for patients with neurodegenerative disease, what is a key fatigue-management strategy?
• Movement is the product of the interaction between the ___, ___ and the ___.
• Which of the following best describes the components included in the more advanced balance assessment compared to Berg?
• Which points are used for movement refinement?
• The Functional Gait Assessment tests which type of balance?
• Manual contacts for teaching the shape of a movement focus on which combination?
• After an Achilles rupture with an impaired ankle strategy, which balance approach is indicated and why?
• Manual contacts can off-load a segment to reduce the load on a compromised segment. Which option describes this use?
• Progression in balance retraining should be guided by what factors?
• In motor learning, which phase is defined as getting the idea of the task and may involve preparatory involvement for individuals with limited abilities?
• Which professional title is listed as a standalone item in the material?
• Which option best represents a reactive balance exercise?
• Which vestibular disorder may require slower progression and greater reliance on somatosensory cues during retraining?
• What is the role of task-specific training in balance retraining and why is it important?
• What types of perturbations are used in perturbation-based balance training?
• Which joints' range of motion should be targeted for ankle balance training?
• Reducing external feedback helps a learner develop what?
• Which term is used to describe the practice focused on solving motor problems and adapting to changing conditions?
• Which test evaluates sensory integration under different sensory conditions during gait?
• Retention refers to maintaining a learned skill over what?
• In balance training, which type should be progressively decreased as training progresses?
• Training with eyes closed may foster reliance on which two systems to maintain balance?
• Which type of training is associated with the use of an assistive device or AFO?
• Which balance-related term appears as a heading in the material?
• Posturography quantifies which aspect of balance testing?
• Which of the following is an essential component of a home balance retraining program?
• To progress perturbations from predicted to unpredicted, which properties of external perturbations should be varied?
• When selecting tasks to challenge the postural control system, you should choose tasks that are
• The TUG and TUG Cognitive tests assess which type of balance?
• A tall kneeling position used for weight shifting, in the absence of a chair, primarily trains which balance strategy?
• ___/perceptual deficits may affect learning and dual tasking.
• Which term is associated with a known technique referenced in the material?
• What type of tasks should be incorporated to challenge balance?
• Which categories of medications can affect balance and should be considered during retraining?
• The Nudge/Push Test assesses which balance types?
• Describe a progression for core stability training in balance retraining.
• Which item is not mentioned in the material?
• Key elements of sitting and standing include base of support, midline, and what other element?
• Which term describes adapting the skill as needed for different contexts?
• Which portion of the Mini-BESTest is described as anticipatory?
• Interventions for falls prevention must be tailored to the patient; which option best completes this statement?
• What is the primary aim of balance retraining for older adults with mild impairment?
• In balance training programs, positive trials typically last longer than 12 weeks and are conducted 1-3 times per week with variable intensity; this describes which characteristic?
• Which acronym is used in the patient scenario?
• In manual contacts, which action helps prevent falls?
• Develop a flexible organization of strategies to respond to a variety of what and conditions?
• Blaze pods are flash reflex lights that allow the patient to see stimulus and respond.
• Which principle explains why balance training should resemble real-life tasks for better transfer?
• Forward reach while seated requires which combination of pelvic and trunk motion?
• To develop an internal reference, feedback should include which combination?
• For a patient with diabetic neuropathy and an impaired ankle strategy, which approach is preferred and why?
• Which home modification supports balance retraining?
• Having a pt stand in the corner of a room with a chair in front of them is good for retraining ___ strategy/response as well as ___ and ___ strategies.
• In balance retraining, which factor is commonly varied to create different environmental conditions?
• What is the effect of softer or compliant surfaces on balance tests?
• How do visual perturbations contribute to balance challenges, and what strategies can mitigate reliance on vision?
• Sensory impairment strategies include sensory uptraining; which action describes this approach?
• How should instructions and feedback be applied across motor learning stages in balance retraining?
• During a right lateral reach, which trunk action on the weight-bearing side is most involved?
• Weight shifting is an example of which type of task?
• Which footwear choice supports balance safety during training?
• What is the role of perturbation-based balance training?
• Manual contacts are used to help a movement that could not be performed without assistance.
• Which option is listed as an orthotic device in falls prevention?
• According to the material, what is a good test to perform on CAI patients?
• Falls-prevention education should address cognitive status, footwear, sedentary lifestyle, and yearly eye exams; which option lists these elements?
• What does a longer Timed Up and Go (TUG) time indicate?
• Motor learning may require manual support/guidance and facilitation; it may also require what to detect and reduce errors?
• What is the role of progressive surfaces in balance training?
• Which sequence correctly describes a plausible four-week progression for an older adult with mild balance impairment?
• Improve postural control based on the key elements; which completes: create a stable ___?
• To ensure repeatability of balance testing, which elements should be standardized?
• To recruit which strategy is used by small range, slow velocity weight shifts?
• If a patient has an impaired ankle strategy, what impairment-level approach is appropriate?
• Repetition is necessary to develop what?
• Which item is NOT a recommended safety consideration before starting balance retraining for high fall risk?
• Which test measures forward reach distance from a standing position?
• If a balance assessment covers anticipatory, reactive, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait, which describes its scope?
• Reactive balance is best assessed by which measure?
• Which combination of challenges is appropriate when increasing balance task complexity?
• Which instrument is commonly used to measure balance confidence?
• In the Alana hypothetical, what is her stated stage in life?
• In sensory impairment training, what term describes challenging the sensory systems by using sensory uptraining?
• Which portions are for sensory orientation on the Mini-BESTest?
• When intervening at the functional level, which set of task demands should be considered?
• What is the scoring range of the Berg Balance Scale?
• How do proprioception and kinesthesia differ in the context of balance?
• When reaching laterally to the right, which side’s trunk lateral flexors are elongated, and what does that imply about contralateral lateral flexion?
• When interpreting changes on balance scales, why must you consider baseline scores and ceiling effects?
• Which of the following is an example of a confounding factor in balance assessment?
• What type of balance is the 4 square step test testing?
• What is proprioceptive training on unstable surfaces and which muscles are engaged?
• The Functional Reach Test measures how far a person can reach forward from a standing position without stepping. What does a reduced reach imply clinically?
• In the Functional Reach Test, what reach distance indicates high fall risk?
• In balance retraining at the functional level, which approach best stimulates postural systems by changing the environment?
• Sensory reweighting describes the CNS adjusting reliance on inputs based on reliability. Which statement best describes the purpose of retraining in this context?
• In motor learning for balance retraining, what does error augmentation mean?
• Dynamic sitting balance - from a seated position, when tapping the table with L elbow, what should be shortening?
• Falls prevention interventions focus on which two components, and require regular home or community-based practice?
• Strategy training must consider the MSK and NM components and include a change in which type of strategies?
• Which surface type is used to challenge somatosensory function in balance retraining?
• Which portions of the Mini-BESTest are reactive for postural control?
• In a caseload with multiple comorbidities, which approach best supports safe balance retraining?
• Which is more advanced- berg or mini best?
• In the Alana hypothetical scenario, how many years of education are discussed?
• What is the primary mechanism of vestibular habituation exercises?
• Which factor is NOT typically considered when selecting footwear for balance training?
• Practice is important and should always be done in what manner?
• Which item best represents environmental aids such as railings, grab bars, and bathroom equipment?
• True or false: Over time, it is important to decrease cues and instruction so that the patient can learn.
• On difficult terrain, balance training should include which element?
• Training with head movement fosters use of which two sensory systems?
• Which pathways are involved in coordinating postural control with sensory inputs?
• Which term refers to retaining the skill over time?
• Swelling decreases/limits sensations and joint receptors are sensitive to movement.
• What is the main purpose of practicing in a variety of environments including home and community?
• In a dim or dark environment, which sensory input is typically relied upon more for balance?
• Results feedback is necessary only when the patient cannot self-evaluate.
• What does the line walk (tandem gait) test assess?
• Which statement best reflects age-related changes addressed by balance retraining?
• Balance training works best for falls reduction when combined with which two components?
• Which group has most research on balance-associated training focused on?
• Which progression strategy is a core approach to motor learning in balance training?
• How should dual-task interference be addressed in balance retraining?
• Which word directly precedes the CAI test question in the text?
• These are examples of how to make the ___ system stronger: inclined surface with eyes closed; walk with head turns; foam surface/uneven surface.
• Which of the following lists accurately names the four stages of motor learning as described in the material?
• Which parenthetical remark accompanies the CAI test suggestion?
• Which sequence describes the classic motor learning stages in balance training?
• Which of the following is a representative dynamic balance exercise?
• Which example best exemplifies anticipatory postural adjustments?
• Which criterion is appropriate to advance balance tasks?
• Which test is suggested for a patient with CAI in the material?
• Gaze stabilization exercises improve which reflex?
• In trunk impairment scale testing, which item group is listed among the test's categories?
• If a patient plateaus in balance training, what is an appropriate approach?
• How can we quantify progress in balance retraining beyond standard scales?
• Which statement about static and dynamic stability metrics is correct?
• For improving sensory ___: visual techniques to enhance feedback if pt doesn't know where midline is; proprioception; kinesthesia.
• Which balance strategy is used to maintain stability with small, slow weight shifts around the ankle?
• Intervention at the impairment level in balance retraining commonly includes which of the following?
• A commonly cited meaningful change on the Berg Balance Scale is approximately how many points?
• Which metric could quantify progress in functional task performance?
• What is a key risk when adding cognitive tasks to balance training?
• Manual contacts provide what type of support and assurance?
• During the line walk test, which strategies are typically engaged to maintain balance?
• ACSM suggests balance training should be integrated into which type of prevention program?
• Why is random perturbation practice preferred during balance training?
• MSK impairments in balance retraining typically include which two elements as part of training?
• Which balance strategy is recruited for larger shifts, faster motion, on narrow surfaces in anterior/posterior and lateral directions?
• Which statement is true regarding swelling and joint receptors?
• Which term describes the first stage in motor learning according to the material?
• How should dual-task contexts be introduced in balance training?
• What kind of instability do wobble boards or perturbation platforms add?
• How can fear of falling affect balance, and how is it addressed in retraining?
• Which phase is characterized by a reduction in errors and improvement in movement consistency and efficiency?
• When challenging balance during sitting, which surface properties should be varied?
• Which of the following is a modifiable fall risk factor targeted by balance retraining?
• The HiMAT is appropriate for assessing people with ___-level balance and ___ problems; the minimal mobility requirement for testing is independent walking over ___ m without gait aids.
• What is the ABC scale for?
• What is the main goal of remediation in balance retraining?
• What are the two hallmarks of true learning?
• An altered solid surface uptraining the ___ system.